Imam Ali ΄s Studies

Abstract Nahj al-Balāghah is a premier Islamic literary and epistemological text rich in multi-layered vocabulary. This study investigates the semantic and conceptual dimensions of "iḥsās" (feeling/sensation) and derivatives of the root "ḥ-s-s" across twelve instances in the text. Using descriptive-analytical content analysis, it explores their diverse applications in monotheistic, cognitive, social, mystical, and rhetorical contexts, highlighting Imam Ali's (AS) profound use of language to convey divine and human ideas.
Findings show the root extends beyond lexical meanings (encompassing, sensory perception, penetration) to include divine omniscience (Sermon 91), negation of sensory perception of God (Sermons 182, 186), inner courage (Sermon 123), condemnation of worldly attachment (Letter 45), and eschatological security (Sermon 183). Multi-dimensional analyses underscore its role in emphasizing divine transcendence, human perceptual limits, and contemplation of cosmic/inner signs.
No comprehensive prior study exists; this research reveals unexplored teachings and stresses the value of word-centered analyses for deeper monotheistic understanding.

Abstract This study aimed to explain the role of eschatology in strengthening the cognitive dimensions of moral education from the perspective of Nahj al-balagha. This basic descriptive-analytical research employed a progressive conceptual analysis to explore this role. This study examined five cognitive components of moral education: recognizing the existential value of humanity, realism, learning lessons, increasing insight, and eliminating negligence. For each component, relevant examples from Nahj al-balagha were explained, emphasizing the role of eschatology in reinforcing them. Imam Ali frequently emphasized the concept of eschatology. In his view, eschatology serves as a powerful motivator for human actions and words, strengthening and developing the cognitive aspects of moral education. Eschatology compels an individual to accept responsibility for the consequences of their actions and prepares them to be accountable for the outcomes. The concept of eschatology in the thought of Imam Ali is fundamentally constructive; it does not diminish hope but requires the constant supervision of actions and intentions. This awareness instills self-worth and dignity, prompting a realistic view of the hereafter. The result is an individual who effectively learns from experience, makes conscious moral choices, and acquires the insight needed for true happiness. Thus, adherence to Imam Ali’s teachings is essential for recognizing one’s moral duty, ensuring sound decision-making, and preventing moral deviation.