Fariba Shahidi far; HafizAllah Fooladi
Abstract
Among the sensitive issues which stand out in Nahj al-Balagha, and, in spite of their sensitivity, are less paid attention to are the factors in betrayal that people consider justifiable against the ruler of Islamic society. Discussed in Nahj al-Balagha from different aspects, the factors, if not identified ...
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Among the sensitive issues which stand out in Nahj al-Balagha, and, in spite of their sensitivity, are less paid attention to are the factors in betrayal that people consider justifiable against the ruler of Islamic society. Discussed in Nahj al-Balagha from different aspects, the factors, if not identified and removed from the direction in which society moves, will cause a great damage to the configuration of the Islamic system and people’s circumstances. Having an accurate understanding of those factors makes one prevent crisis outbreak and decadence of Islamic society in the age of the occultation of the Infallible, through precise recognition of the jurisconsult guardian (valī-yyifaqīh) as deputy the infallible Imam. Moral factors such as disharmony between words and action, political factors such as susceptibility to corrupt rulers and perverted social groups, and material factors pivoting on worldliness has been among the most important factors in people’s betrayal of the Islamic ruler. Initial data were collected with the library research method and processed and codified in an analytic-descriptive way.
Ali Ghanbari barzian; davoud zahrani
Abstract
Analysis of Imam Ali (PBUH)’s speeches and works shows that he as the ruler of Islamic society placed a unique emphasis on social ethos and its changes and transformations. The present article tries to answer the question of what impact social ethos has on the development or decline of Islamic ...
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Analysis of Imam Ali (PBUH)’s speeches and works shows that he as the ruler of Islamic society placed a unique emphasis on social ethos and its changes and transformations. The present article tries to answer the question of what impact social ethos has on the development or decline of Islamic and human societies from the point of view of Imam Ali (PBUH). To this aim, after theoretical provisions, the methods of historical and documentary studies and content analysis were used. The research results showed that in the method for social development in Imam Ali’ (PBUH)’s government, traditions and social ethos play a central role. Social system’s watching out for and monitoring of improper social ethos of hypocrisy, distrust, laziness, flattery, and extravagance were key to social development and reproduction of social capital in the reign of Imam Ali (PBUH). On the other hand, lack of proper social ethos not only brings on distrust but also destroys the possibility of cooperation, participation, and other social interactions. Lack of social participation and mutual trust, in turn, destroys the possibility of any social development, replacing it with hypocrisy, flattery, sloth, and violence in society.
seeyd hasan hosseini
Abstract
A lever to combat corruption in the governmental system is transparency, which is seen as a category fundamental to improvement of policy-making aimed at enhancing ties between the government and populace. Emphasizing the greatness of heavenly thoughts of Imam Ali (PBUH) and their superiority over human ...
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A lever to combat corruption in the governmental system is transparency, which is seen as a category fundamental to improvement of policy-making aimed at enhancing ties between the government and populace. Emphasizing the greatness of heavenly thoughts of Imam Ali (PBUH) and their superiority over human thoughts and views, an effort has been made in this article to pay attention, in Imam Ali’s political thought, to obstacles to realizing transparency. To this aim, using the analytic-descriptive and documentary research methods, the answer is sought to the question of what in Imam Ali’s political behavior are treated as obstacles to the realization of transparency. The research findings show that secrecy and refusing to provide news and information, lack of supervision and control, lack of accountability and responsibility, and despotism and arbitrary rule are among the obstacles disrupting work flow in government. These lead to underdevelopment and social injustice on the one side, and rent-seeking and diverting public resources towards privileged individuals and groups on the other side.
Ali Shiravani Shiri; fateme heidari
Abstract
The present study is aimed at explaining the constituents of a lifestyle predicated on Imam Ali (PBUH)’s teachings, and their uses in education. It is a qualitative research on the basis of the grounded theory, and done through the method of inductive coding. The subject of analysis includes all ...
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The present study is aimed at explaining the constituents of a lifestyle predicated on Imam Ali (PBUH)’s teachings, and their uses in education. It is a qualitative research on the basis of the grounded theory, and done through the method of inductive coding. The subject of analysis includes all the letters, speeches, and wisdoms in Nahj al-Balagha translated by Mohammad Dashti as well as prayers transmitted from Imam Ali (PBUH). The data were collected purposefully and in accordance with the theoretical saturation rule. In this study, six educational domains were extracted from the teachings of Imam Ali (PBUH). Constituents of each domain were explained, and their educational uses for setting goals, learning-teaching methods, educational content, and assessment were examined. The goals were categorized into “ultimate” (obedience and submission towards God) and “mediatory” (constituents obtained from open coding). Teaching-learning methods such as finding role models, affection, habituation through practice and repetition, counsel, and encouragement and punishment can be proposed based upon the constituents extracted from Imam Ali’s lifestyle. In the assessment, the principle of attention to individual differences has been emphasized. Educational content too can be codified and presented on the basis of the main constituents of Imam Ali oriented lifestyle and through a comprehensive and multifaceted look at human beings.
Ebrahim Fallah
Abstract
A method to discover the meaning of words in Nahj al-Balagha is through attention to concepts sitting next to each other. This method plays a supplementary role in understanding what the book means by the words it uses. The present study seeks to analyze the word “science” (ilm) based on ...
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A method to discover the meaning of words in Nahj al-Balagha is through attention to concepts sitting next to each other. This method plays a supplementary role in understanding what the book means by the words it uses. The present study seeks to analyze the word “science” (ilm) based on syntagmatic relations. The word is one of the most frequently used in Nahj al-Balagha in a variety of derivative forms. Enjoying divine eminent knowledge, Imam Ali (PBUH) invites, for the sake of the excellence of human beings’ status and of human values, to learning beneficial science, and proscribes non-beneficial science. The research results show that semantic components of knowledge can be presented on two syntagmatic axes: requirements, and effects and results. Words such as “forbearance”, “thought”, “reasoning”, and “practice” are the requirements of science and those such as “understanding”, “insight”, “wisdom”, “knowledge” (ma’rifat), “certainty”, “benefit”, and “good” are among the effects and results of science and centered upon science in an oppositional relation to words “ignorance” and “ignorant” form a configuration whose parts in one semantic field sit next to the word science in order to amplify its meaning. The words sitting next to “science”, namely, “thought”, “reasoning”, “practice”, and “forbearance” have a significant relation with the word and heighten its meaning.
Sajjad Samadvand; Hamid Talebzadeh
Abstract
Nowadays, in dealing with crime a policy is being credited that accounts the aspects of preventive features beside penalization, aiming at crime prevention. A scrutiny in Imam Ali’s holy order, which takes the advantage of firm religious beliefs of Islam, and the positioning of such a sinless Imam ...
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Nowadays, in dealing with crime a policy is being credited that accounts the aspects of preventive features beside penalization, aiming at crime prevention. A scrutiny in Imam Ali’s holy order, which takes the advantage of firm religious beliefs of Islam, and the positioning of such a sinless Imam at the top of this system, indicates that the taken strategies in this field are of unique nature. In some cases, His Excellency has warned, advised, and acted upon, and in other circumstances, he has reprimanded and decisively punished such criminals. In this research, the attempt has been made by using the method of content analysis to analyze the full text of Nahj al-Balagha in order to extract the cultural, political, and economic statements of Imam Ali's (AS) thoughts regarding crime prevention. Afterwards, by attaining these from the perspective of Nahj al-Balagha, the non-penal preventive strategies such as social and situational preventions along with penal prevention strategies including severity, certainty, speed and method of punishment in the field of criminal policy has been investigated.
mohsen rafat
Abstract
The ethical policies of a ruler during his reign will clarify and highlight the pre- and post-government claims Imam Ali's (as) emphasis on the primacy of morality shows that the moral teachings of his caliphate were no different from what was emphasized before his rule. In the Battle of Jaml, as the ...
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The ethical policies of a ruler during his reign will clarify and highlight the pre- and post-government claims Imam Ali's (as) emphasis on the primacy of morality shows that the moral teachings of his caliphate were no different from what was emphasized before his rule. In the Battle of Jaml, as the first war imposed on the Imam, although it had unfortunate consequences, the moral-oriented leadership first tries to prevent the outbreak of war with appropriate moral principles and Even after the war, by behaving and behaving properly with his enemies, he should show that morality-oriented humanity has superiority over immoral religious people. The present article, according to the new theory in the field of leadership theories and by examining the biography of Imam Ali (AS) in a descriptive-analytical method, tries to explain to what extent the propositions based on the ethics axis in the Camel War have been able to prove this theory. The findings show that the methods used by the Imam, including dialogue based on specific ethical propositions, attention to reformist demands, preservation of human dignity and protection of the rights of dissidents and dissidents, not based on kinship and history in various political arenas, to repel the conflict that has occurred in society with the ethical behavior of the ruler.
Mohammad Hakkak; Meysam Jafari; mahdieh vishlaghi
Abstract
Today, the concept of silence has not only been raised at the level of the organization, but can be explored at a broad level such as society. The objective of this study was to extract a model of silence strategy based on the teachings of Nahj al-Balagha. This study is classified as a development research ...
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Today, the concept of silence has not only been raised at the level of the organization, but can be explored at a broad level such as society. The objective of this study was to extract a model of silence strategy based on the teachings of Nahj al-Balagha. This study is classified as a development research in terms of purpose, and is qualitative in terms of data collection, and has been done through a content analysis method and the analysis of the text of Nahj al-Balagha. In the present study, 253 code tailored to the topic were identified using MAXQDA software, which resulted in the production of 11 organizing themes and finally summarized into 3 general themes, and its conceptual grid model was formed. Based on the precious words of Imam Ali (as), the components of silence can be categorized according to the organizing themes into three general themes of defensive silence, obedient silence, and altruistic silence for collective interests.
Mehdi Zamani; Mostafa Delshad Tehrani; Jamile Amini Soolari
Abstract
The use of Images to represent mental and internal affairs in many fields, including religious texts, has a long history. Nahj al-Balagha used various images to explain the meaning of life, one of which is "life as a journey". In this paper, this descriptive-analytical method is used to explain this ...
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The use of Images to represent mental and internal affairs in many fields, including religious texts, has a long history. Nahj al-Balagha used various images to explain the meaning of life, one of which is "life as a journey". In this paper, this descriptive-analytical method is used to explain this notion in the inner human areas of cognition, emotion, and will. Cognitive components of the notion of travel include beliefs such as origin, resurrection, human status, route characteristics, travel guide, stages and processes of travel and its obstacles and difficulties. The emotional components of this notion include feelings such as enthusiasm, calm, hope, excellence, prosperity, self-esteem, dynamism, and value and finally it involves sincerity, opportunity, reversal, overcoming obstacles and sustainability in movement. The notion of travel image over other meaningful life concepts has two factors: 1) more power to represent the meaningful features of life and 2) its inclusion of such images as commerce, land, competition, and campaign that all have to do with Travel.
r.ballawy ballawy@; Zahra mahoozii
Abstract
Language Economy is a mental-lingual activity that mind by applying the least linguistuc structures uses the lingual patterns to represent the intended concepts and meanings. In other words, it is the principle of Parsimony. Language Economy is common in all languages all over the world. Arabic is not ...
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Language Economy is a mental-lingual activity that mind by applying the least linguistuc structures uses the lingual patterns to represent the intended concepts and meanings. In other words, it is the principle of Parsimony. Language Economy is common in all languages all over the world. Arabic is not an exception, but a prominent example of this. It is abundatly seen in Nahi al-Balagha which is a literary masterpiece in religious texts. This valuable book has multiple chapters one of which is the letters of Imam Ali. This letters have different parts including wills, circulars, instructions, governmental commands, and written letters that are characterized by excerpt, abbreviation, briefness, and Parsimony principle. This research aims to study Language Economy in Nahj al-Balagha letters based on Halliday's Systemic Functional Linguistics Theories using a descriptive-analytical approach. The results of this study reveal that Imam Ali has used the Parsimony principle in all the lingual levels and layers of letters in order to keep and save his message in the mind of the reader as well as to transfer the important governmental messages, wills, and instructions.
Mohammad Mahdi Rabieh
Abstract
Imam Ali (A.S.) described the ant and the grasshopper's magnificence of creation in sermon no. 227 of the Nahj al-Balagha and calls for thinking about their creation. Any entomologist or zoologist may ask himself about the accuracy of these statements, when reading these statements and who is the first ...
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Imam Ali (A.S.) described the ant and the grasshopper's magnificence of creation in sermon no. 227 of the Nahj al-Balagha and calls for thinking about their creation. Any entomologist or zoologist may ask himself about the accuracy of these statements, when reading these statements and who is the first one that described these insect such exact. Mentioning to some parts of ant's body, he tells us about the existence of ears on the head of ant. Historically, in the 1997, after discovering a stridulatory organ in an ant species, sound use for communication with together in the ants proved. But, his statement many years before beginning of the scientific study on this creature is a sign of his miracle. Afterwards, explaining the grasshopper's body, he pointed to the hidden ears in its body. Historically, I find it the first written notion of hearing in grasshoppers. This statement without any scientific study and many years before invention of worsening instruments is a sign of his miracle. More study on this sermon in the Nahj al-Balagha and other sermons may discover more miracles of Imam Ali (A.S.).
mohsen rafat; mostafa masoudian
Abstract
شناخت رفتار اخلاق مدارانه زمامدار پیش و پس از بهدست گرفتن حکومت می تواند سیاست های اخلاقی و میزان صداقت وی در عملکردهای بعدی وی را تبیین و برجسته تر بنمایاند. امام علی(ع)به ...
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شناخت رفتار اخلاق مدارانه زمامدار پیش و پس از بهدست گرفتن حکومت می تواند سیاست های اخلاقی و میزان صداقت وی در عملکردهای بعدی وی را تبیین و برجسته تر بنمایاند. امام علی(ع)به عنوان یک زمامدار می کوشد با تأکید بر تقدّم اخلاق بر هر مقوله ای نشان دهد آموزه های اسلامی مورد تأکید در خلافتش، همانی است که در دوره پیش از حکومتش وجود داشته است. امام بهعنوان رهبری اخلاقمدار در جنگ صفین می کوشد ابتدا از بروز جنگ جلوگیری کند و پس از جنگ نیز با رفتار اخلاق مدار با دشمنان خویش، نشان دهد که انسانیت بر محور اخلاق بر دیندار بی اخلاق برتری دارد. این پژوهش با مداقه بر سیرهی امام علی(ع)به روش توصیفی تحلیلی نشان میدهد، گفت وگو بر پایه گزاره های خاصِ اخلاق مدار، تندادن به خواسته های اصلاح گرایانه بنابر اقتضائات موجود، استفاده از راهکارهای مناسب برای اسکات خصم به منظور ممانعت از تشنّج بیشتر جامعه، حفظ کرامت انسانی و پاسداشت حقوق افراد مخالف می تواند کشمکش بهوجود آمده در جامعه را با رفتار اخلاق مدار زمامدار دفع کند.
