Imam Ali ΄s Studies

Abstract Every society needs labor and activity of its people and leaders in order to survive. Labor is a fundamental need which has existed since ancient times and whose importance has increased ever since. Labor is a national capital and can foster development of civilizations. Imam Ali has explained basics and principles of labor and hard work in his priceless book, Nahj al-Balaghah. Imam Ali worked hard in all his life for improvement of the society, and in particular during his reign as caliph.
This study adopts a descriptive method and uses information from available books, in particular Nahj al-Balaghah, and aims to explore the place of labor, division of labor and different aspects of labor based on teachings of Nahj al-Balaghah and thereby suggest a strategy for providing healthy and productive labor in today’s societies. According to the findings, labor and division of labor have an important place in the society and play an effective role in the survival, balance, dynamism, livelihood and productivity of all societies. The study also draws on ideas of other thinkers on definition of labor, place of labor, division of labor, advantages and reasons of division of labor, impacts of division of labor, etc. to further expand the discussion.
 

Abstract In the thought of supreme leader, the third period of prossessing of creating new Islamic civilization is constitution of Islamic government. On the other side, imam Ali in his famous letter to Malek Ashtar about Islamic government’ s commitment ,state different subjects that act them can due to Islamic government  achievement. This research with descriptive – analyctic way intend to state dominant principles of job qualification. The general negative and positive principles like : notice to general judgment , unproductive intrest to governmental job ,unexpecting pure following of people and special principle like : the obligation of noticing to job analysis ,the principle priority of personal featuers in behaviors circle in job qualification  and the principle of choosing through examing.

Abstract Undoubtedly, one of the most important occurrences in the history of Islam is Ghadir Occurrence, in which one of the most important issues of the Islamic Community –i.e. the Prophet Caliph–is declared. Several groups and people spokes about this occurrence. Historians registered it in their books. Also it is recorded and implicated in some of the Households narrations (Hadith(s) of Ahl-al-Bait). Likewise many poets saved and registered this occurrence as a poem that among them there are Christian Poets. In this paper, we will explain these subjects by analyzing two odes of two Christian poets (Bules Salaama and Abdolmasih Antaki). These two poets: a) mentioned history and historical truth and realities more than fancies; b) described details of Ghadir Occurrence such as, the warmth description, crowdedness, obvious stress of the Holy Prophet (pbuh), etc; c) pay attention to some of the Qur’anic verses, Hadith(s) and historical occurrences; d) applied poetic affection in their poems truly and succeeded in expressing their feelings.            

Abstract Although tax collection is a general effort that all governmental systems with different epistemological worldviews profit from it, tax justice is a complex financial issue which has been subject to considerable debate. The short yet effective government of Imam Ali (AS), as the epitome of justice, offers valuable lessons in this regard. It goes without saying that these lessons save the society from falling prey to oppression and injustice. This study seeks to present exact definitions of tax and its synonyms in Imam Ali’s speech and explain tax planning and spending methods. Moreover, the characteristics of taxpayers as well as some workable solutions to boost tax justice are presented.  

Abstract Talking about the great and lofty personality of the lord of the believers, Imam Ali (peace be upon Him) and introducing that great man is very difficult for anyone and it must be admitted that it is not only difficult but also impossible. Only those can talk about Imam Ali (peace be upon Him) who have a thorough understanding of his personality and his great character. In the whole world, except for Allah and the prophet (peace be upon Him), no one can be found who could claim to have proper knowledge and understanding to describe Imam Ali (Peace be upon Him), as the prophet (peace be upon Him) himself stated “… no one would know thee except for me and Allah” and he also stated “… [Ali] has a right that no one except for Allah and I would ever know.” Such great statements about Ali and this hadith which goes “Ali is with the Qurān and the Qurān is with Ali” must be considered in this regard. This statement signifies two great characteristic and lofty positions which belong to Imam Ali (peace be upon Him) first the companionship of Ali (Peace be upon Him) with the Qurān and the companionship of the Qurān with Ali (Peace be upon Him). Considering the importance of this Hadith, the writer of this paper attempts to explain it.
The author discusses the companionship of Ali (peace be upon Him) and the Qurān and then investigates the roots of this Hadith in both Shiite and Sunni traditions. This study deals with this companionship from different perspectives such as the word and the expression of companionship and then deals with companionship in various worlds. The paper states that the companionship of Ali and the Qurān can be both in this world and the next world. After discussing the companionship in this world and explaining some aspects of it such as: the companionship of Ali and the Qurān in guidance of people, the companionship of Ali and the Qurān as supporters of each other, the companionship of Ali and the Qurān as the indicators of one another, the unity of Ali and the Qurān in reference, the companionship by relation in a way that the Qurān is the guardian and the Imam (Peace be upon Him) is the guarded. The relation between the Imam and the Qurān is like the relation between the identifier and the identified, and finally Ali (Peace be upon Him) and the Qurān can only be known and understood by using both of them.
 

Abstract The great event of Ghadir has always had its own reasons and evidence to be proven. One of its documentation is the construction of a building as a mosque for its memorial. This article examines Ghadir Mosque features in the existing narratives and textual and visual documents. Firstly, the geographical location of GhadirKhom, the reasons why this location was chosen for announcing the successor of the messenger Mohammad (pbuh), its various names and its surrounding villages are studied. Then the features of Ghadir Mosque throughouthistory and the particular attention which Imams and jurists have paid to theworth and significance of praying in this place are studied.Today, this area is deserted and Wahhabi groups make attempts to erase it from the memories in a way that they destroyed the mosque after 13 centuries; a mosque which had been constructed by the command of the messenger Mohammad (pbuh) in the memorial of that historical event.Nonetheless, GhadirKhom had once witnessed one of the most important Islamic events which can never been erased from Muslim minds and this mosque is the representation of that great Islamic historical event. This research also shows how Shiiteshave long beenoppressed and indeed it’s a document approving this fact. On the basis of narrations remained from leaders and intellectuals as well as historical books and pictures, the research attempts to familiarize readers with this sacred place

Abstract The issue of Imamate and Caliphate after the Prophet Muhammad (peace be upon him) is one of the most critical and sensitive subjects in Islamic history. It has always attracted the attention of scholars from both Sunni and Shia traditions. Among the key proofs cited in this debate is the noble hadith: “None loves you except a believer, and none hates you except a hypocrite.” In this hadith, Amir al-Mu’minin ‘Ali (peace be upon him) is presented as a clear criterion for identifying true faith and hypocrisy, reflecting his unique spiritual and religious status in Islam.

However, this position was disregarded in post-Prophetic events such as the Saqifah gathering. Therefore, the core objective of this study is to establish the immediate Imamate of Imam ‘Ali (peace be upon him) through this hadith and to refute Abu Bakr’s caliphate based on this Prophetic standard.

The importance of this research lies in the fact that this hadith is reported in several authoritative Sunni sources and holds significant weight in affirming the legitimacy of Imam ‘Ali (peace be upon him) while challenging the validity of Abu Bakr’s leadership. Using a descriptive-analytical method and a hadith-historical approach, this study examines the hadith’s content, context, and transmission. It argues—based on Sunni narrations, historical reports, and scholarly statements—that the hadith decisively supports the superiority and rightful Imamate of Imam ‘Ali (peace be upon him), and that Abu Bakr’s actions reflect enmity and hypocrisy as defined by the Prophet.

Abstract از موضوعات راهبردی برای نظام‌های سیاسی در تمام جوامع، نظام سازی مطلوب اجتماعی و فرهنگی برای تحصیل آرمان‌ها و اهداف متعالی است و به همین دلیل، هر دولتی در جهت پایداری و ثبات سیاسی و توسعه جامعه و تأمین کمال افراد خود می‌بایست نسبت به یک سلسله مؤلفه‌ها و شاخص‌ها در این راستا وفادار بماند(ضرورت). این موضوع موردتوجه مکتب اسلام نیز قرارگرفته است. شکل‌گیری و بقای دولت مطلوب بر مبنای اسلام نیز از آرمانی‌ترین خواسته‌های این مکتب است که تنها با تکیه‌بر ارزش‌های فرهنگی و اجتماعی مطلوب شکل می‌گیرد. در این پژوهش نویسنده مترصد آن است که با روش تحلیل مضمون با استناد به نگرش امیرمؤمنان(ع) در نهج‌البلاغه، در باب دولت سازی و با به‌کارگیری رویکرد نظری نظام سازی اجتماعی- فرهنگی، مؤلفه‌های اساسی اجتماعی سازی را از منظر امیرالمؤمنین(ع) مورد کنکاش قرار دهد(روش) درصدد پاسخ‌دهی به این سؤال است که مؤلفه‌های اجتماعی- فرهنگی برای شکل‌گیری یک نظام سیاسی مطلوب از منظر امیرالمؤمنین(ع) کدامند؟(سؤال) یافته‌های پژوهش حاکی از این هست که برای رسیدن به‌نظام اسلامی مطلوب نیازمند اجتماعی سازی از طریق مؤلفه‌های دینی،اخلاقی، سیاسی و اجتماعی دوازده‌گانه هستیم.(یافته‌ها)

Abstract شناخت رفتار اخلاق مدارانه زمامدار پیش و پس از به‌دست گرفتن حکومت می تواند سیاست های اخلاقی و میزان صداقت وی در عملکردهای بعدی وی را تبیین و برجسته تر بنمایاند. امام علی(ع)به عنوان یک زمامدار می کوشد با تأکید بر تقدّم اخلاق بر هر مقوله ای نشان دهد آموزه های اسلامی مورد تأکید در خلافتش، همانی است که در دوره پیش از حکومتش وجود داشته است. امام به‌عنوان رهبری اخلاق‌مدار در جنگ صفین می کوشد ابتدا از بروز جنگ جلوگیری کند و پس از جنگ نیز با رفتار اخلاق مدار با دشمنان خویش، نشان دهد که انسانیت بر محور اخلاق بر دیندار بی اخلاق برتری دارد. این پژوهش با مداقه بر سیره‌ی امام علی(ع)به روش توصیفی تحلیلی نشان ‌می‌دهد، گفت وگو بر پایه گزاره های خاصِ اخلاق مدار، تن‌دادن به خواسته های اصلاح گرایانه بنابر اقتضائات موجود، استفاده از راهکارهای مناسب برای اسکات خصم به منظور ممانعت از تشنّج بیشتر جامعه، حفظ کرامت انسانی و پاسداشت حقوق افراد مخالف می تواند کشمکش به‌وجود آمده در جامعه را با رفتار اخلاق مدار زمامدار دفع کند.

Abstract One of the less explored aspects of Imam Ali’s (a.s.) argumentative tradition regarding Imamate is the use of “living arguments”; that is, arguments and evidence that are neither confined to the distant past nor merely in the realm of text and theory, but are objectively present in the time and place of the audience. This study, with a textual and analytical approach, explores the role of such arguments in the wisdom, letters, and sermons of Nahj al-Balagha and Imam Ali’s practical life. The main goal is to explain the fact that the Imam, in addition to revealed texts and rational arguments, used “self-being” (his present identity, qualities, and personality) and “actions” (objective and observable actions and behaviors) as living arguments to prove the legitimacy of his Imamate. The innovation of this research lies in its emphasis on the connection between empirical evidence and theological discourse and its analysis based on the contemporary theories of “demonstrative evidence” and “witness testimony.” The findings show that this approach not only provides internal coherence to Alawi’s arguments, but also creates a bridge between the theory of Imamate and the lived experience of the audience, in such a way that Imam Ali himself and his actions become a living model for the legitimacy and effectiveness of Imamate.

Abstract نظریۀ «آمیختگی مفهومی»، انگاره­ای چندفضایی است که از برجسته­ترین نظریات ژیل فوکونیه و مارک ترنر به شمار می­آید. این نظریه در فهم پیچیدگیهای ذهن بشری با گذر از الگوی دو دامنه­ای، فضایی چهاردامنه­ای فراهم آورده که متشکل از دو فضای درون­داد، فضایی عام و فضایی آمیخته برای ساخت معانی ­نوظهور است، نوشتار حاضر با استفاده از روش توصیفی-تحلیلی در حوزة شناختی، نظریۀ آمیختگی مفهومی را در تحلیل استعاره مفهومی نهج­البلاغه مورد پردازش قرار می­دهد و کارکرد این فضای تخیلی را در زایش معانی نوین تبیین می­نماید. مهم‌ترین رهیافت‌های این جستار آنکه این مدل شناختی در بسیاری از مفاهیم دینی و اخلاقی استعاری بنیاد نهج­البلاغه همچون تقوا، فسق و فجور، مرگ، کوته­بینی و بلند­نظری انسان و.. قابل بازسازی بوده و به تبلور تعابیر جدید متن می­پردازد؛ افزون بر آن، سازة شناختی موجود در نهج­البلاغه، تعابیر اصیل و منطقیِ سیاق­مند به حساب می­آیند و حکایت از سبکی بی­بدیل و هدفمند دارند.

Abstract Today, the importance of economic development and its obvious impacts is not lost to anyone, so much so, that it can be called one of the top priorities of the modern world. Therefore, in the present article, we have strived to study the subject of economic development through observing Imam Ali’s deeds. The main objective of the study is to identify how much the modern day elements of economy relate to and resemble the standards of Imam Ali’s time.
The studies in this matter reveal that, the areas where differences most appear between modern day standard economics and Imam Ali’s intended economic developments, are discrepancies in foundations, objectives, values, economic freedom, and individual and social benefit. The ultimate objective of the modern day economic development, in most countries, seems to be founded on the concept of wealth gain, luxury, and leisure, but from Imam Ali’s point of view, the concept of development, in and of itself, is a tool to facilitate our gradual movement towards perfection and the ultimate goal of creation.

Abstract One of the important things carried out by the scholars in Sufism and Islamic mysticism was to write books in order to teach or to answer the questions raised by the disciples and, in general, to guide the researchers in the path of truth. In these books, the basic and practical discussions of mysticism as well as the life stories and the observations of the leaders in the path of truth would be compiled in accordance with interest of the respective authors. Kashful Mahjoub by Hajviri Ghaznavi is the first volume on various aspects of mysticism in Farsi. In fact, this book is an encyclopedia, including mystic discussions, basics, ideas, and terminology compiled by the author. Hajviri was a practicing scholar and a learned man. One of the important and underlying subjects in his book is the practices and statements of Imams that are provided along with the description of the holy character of those great people. In fact, the mystics would set the life, practices, and statements of the Prophet and the companions, especially Ahlul Bayt, as their model.
This paper deals with the character, practices, and statements of Ahlul Bayt – from Imam Ali (AS) to Imam Sadigh (AS) – and the resultant spiritual benefits.

Abstract شعر فارسی قرن سوم تا پایان قرن پنجم هجری را از نظر زمانی و تشابهات سبکی بیشتر به عنوان شعر دورۀ نخست می‌شناسیم. یکی از مضامین پرکاربرد در شعر این دوره، اخلاق و موضوعات اندرزی است. مقالۀ حاضر برخی از موضوعات مهم را که فضیلت اخلاقی یا رذیله محسوب می‌شوند در سروده‌های تعدادی از شاعران این دوره بررسی و تأثیر آنها را از سخنان حکیمانه امام یا تشابه آن سروده‌ها را با کلام حضرت گوشزد کرده است. در میان موضوعات گوناگون اخلاقی، شاخص‌ترین موضوعات شامل هشت فضیلت اخلاقی و سه رذیله را در این مقاله بررسی کرده‌ایم. نتیجۀ تحقیق نشان می‌دهد که موضوعات اخلاقی مطرح شده متأثر و همسو با آموزه‌های علوی است و شاخصۀ مهم در داشتن این فضائل یا دوری از برخی رذائل ذکر شده جهت دهی و تأثیر گذاری بر زندگی سالم فردی و اجتماعی است

Abstract A misgiving concerning Nahj al-Balaghah, claimed shortly after its compilation and fuelled by some people whether intentionally or inadvertently, was the reliability of the information and its reference to Imam Ali (PBUH). The present paper aims to show that even if no strong evidence is found, still it can be firmly claimed that all the words and sentences in this book have been set forth by Imam Ali (PBUH). The reason is a set of evidence proving that the truths and knowledge presented in such innovative and attractive forms cannot be stated by an ordinary man. The evidence includes the eminence and comprehensiveness of the content, innovative forms, great effectiveness and attractiveness, eloquence and rhetoric, referring to seeing angels as well as seeing and hearing signs of nature (Āfāq) and soul (Anfus), announcement of the invisible world and predicting the future, the challenging aspect in the field knowledge, and consistency of the events in Nahj al-Balaghah with history. This paper shows that the text of Nahj al-Balaghah, in spite of being silent, testifies its authenticity and reference to Imam Ali (PBUH).
 

Abstract .

Abstract In the first fifty years after the Hegira, Jews took various cultural actions and influenced the Islamic society as a whole. Jews political and social relations with Muslims and their relations with Arabs of Jazirat al-Arab on the one hand and public superficiality as well as inability of the first three Caliphs to provide an Islamic pattern on the other created a serious challenge to the Islamic culture, and drew public attention to the main figures among Jews. Because of making uses by Jews of this situation, the collective identity changed and the society proceeded toward conventionalism. Spread of superstitious ideas led to alteration in truths and changes in the cultural and social situation of the society; and this played an important role in cultural-social-political developments during the first 50 years after Hegira. To promote their own objectives, Jew politicians changed their own appearances and influenced the body of power. Providing materials required by tale-tellers, they influenced public opinions and the government.
 
 
 



 


 

Abstract Allameh Amini is one of the prominent intellectuals and outstanding reformists in the Islamic world, who studied Islamic history, culture, and civilization for a long time and who authored the valuable book titled Al-Ghadir in advocacy of Wilayah (guardianship of Imam Ali and the eleven Imams after him). The comprehensive design, innovative style and scholarly features of this noteworthy work singled it out among similar works and compelled admiration and appreciation from great figures in research, thought and literature. The present paper starts with a discussion on Wilayah and its glorious historical origin, then goes on with evaluating the book Al-Ghadir and exploring its scholarly significances, and finishes with a number of conclusions and valuable lessons, most importantly including the necessity for disseminating Imam Ali’s wilayah, out speaking the truth of Shia, and working towards unity between different sects of the religion, which is also highlighted by a number of scholars of different Islamic schools who appreciated Al-Ghadir in their works.
 

Abstract In the present article, the authors have tried to show that, in Imam Ali's rule, five managerial duties or functions (planning, organizing, leadership, coordination, control and supervision) have been paid attention to, emphasized, and fulfilled. Thus, while speaking of such duties or functions, the authors have selected examples from Imam Ali's sermons, letters, and wisdoms as well as other relevant sources to discuss.
Under planning, points such as objectives, predictions made for future, management of time, continuation of plans, and reflexibility have been discussed. Organization begins with division of labour and includes issues such as obedience, delegation of power, profession, and scope of supervision.
Under leadership, properties such as piety, knowledge, patience, accountability, forgiveness, self-education, humility and the like will be mentioned.
The fourth duty, coordination and guidance, concerns benefits of union and detriments of disunion. In this field, issues such as guidance, motivation, encouragement, punishment, and morality are spoken of.
The fifth duty or function refers to control and supervision. Having explained necessity of control and supervision as well as taking necessary actions, authors have discussed kinds of classifications made in management discipline (and in particular Islamic discipline).
It should be noted that, in the conclusion of each section, the results of analysis of findings have been demonstrated in tables and graphs.

Abstract There are links and associations between words and meanings which could be the result of vowels’ repetition in speech and words’ particular connotation. The issue plays an important role in meaning distinctions in word choice and meaning connotation.  Thus, we cannot separate phonetic level from semantic level in literary speech and sentence structure. The theory of vowels’ inductance in discourse was first introduced by the French linguist Morris Gramon in the 20^th century. Prior to his literary theory, some French poets of the 19^th century had attempted to clarify the association between sound features of the speech and other phenomena of the universe. In the present study, conducted through descriptive-analytic method, we attempted to semantically analyze the harmony of words in Jihad sermon of NahjulBalagha concerning semantics of  words with meaning convergence at paradigmatic axis and Morris Gramon’s linguistic theory of vowels’ inductance. The findings of the study confirm the sermon’s coherence, the vowels’ inductance in the sermon, and deployment of vowels and homophones with regard to their connotation in certain parts of the sermon. For better illustration, the frequency of these vowels has been displayed in statistical tables.

Abstract فرایند تفسیر متون کلاسیک با بهره گیری از روش های تفسیری مدرن مساله ای حائز اهمیت است که شایسته است بطور جدی از سوی متفکران علوم میان رشته ای، برای رسیدن به فهم بین الاذهانی (inter subjectivity) مد نظر قرار گیرد. با توجه به ضرورت نوآوری در بازخوانی سنت، موضوع این نوشتار بررسی اجمالی این نکته است که چگونه می توان مبانی هرمنوتیک روشی را با تاکید بر روش شناسی اسکینر می توان به مثابه رهیافتی نظری در خوانش تحلیلی-تفسیری نهج البلاغه بکار گرفت و از رهگذر آن به برخی نیات مولف پی برد؟ در پاسخ به این پرسش، ابتدا کلیات نظری در هرمنوتیک قصد گرایانه اسکینر را طرح کرده و سپس به نسبت سنجی این کلیات با فرازهایی از نهج البلاغه پرداخته ایم. برآمد نهایی از مقاله پیش رو ما را به این فرضیه می رساند که قواعد و الگوهای اصلی در مراحل پنج گانه هرمنوتیک اسکینر به شاخصه هایی می انجامد که امکان تفسیر معنایی از نهج البلاغه را میسر نموده و با غبارروبی از زمینه های زمانی، مکانی و استعاری این متن، اهداف اصلی حضرت امیر را از فحوای کلام ایشان آشکار می سازد.

Abstract Ismail Ibn-e-Ebad Known as Sahib, an Iranian educated minister and prominent poet was the composer of Arabic poems in 4th century. He is a Committed Shiite poet a man of letters who has demonstrated his loyalty and commitment to the Shiite religion and Ahle-Beyt in many of his poems. There is one of the Sahib’s most famous and outstanding odes. Praising Imam Ali (PBUH) is the ode title Lamiyya in which he describes the virtue of his majesty very eloquently. Sahib’s panegyric of the Imam is this ode that originated in his heart and deep faith, and in fact these verses are clear and fascinating adaptations of Quran verses and Narrations which depict an invaluably and precious picture of Imam Ali’s personality. Although it is not possible for the mortal pen to describe this diamond of creation, in this article we try to study some aspects of Imam Ali’s personality which Sahib-Ibn-e-Ebad has noticed in his ode.

Abstract Imam Ali chose Kufa as the base of Caliphate in 35 AH/655 AD. Since the newly established city with a totally emigrated population reflected a variety of political, social and cultural viewpoints, events of Kufa both shows the situation facing Imam Ali in that period and helps understanding his words and sayings. Studying circumstances of Kufa during reign of Imam Ali as the social and cultural context of his words will therefore guide us to discovering the reasons of the diversity in his words about people of Kufa and help us better understand what he said.
This paper aims to explore characteristics and traits of people of Kufa as described by Imam Ali in Nahj al-Balaghah. Imam Ali has praised them in some occasions and blamed them in some other. This paradox in Imam’s words in fact reflects the mixed stances taken by the people toward events of the time. The present paper intends to explore the reasons of this diversity in Imams words by considering the social, political and cultural circumstances of the time.

Abstract شعر آیینی تجلی ارزش­های ملی- میهنی و یا ارزش­های دینی و مذهبی است. آنچه امروز به عنوان شعر آیینی شناخته­می­شود، بیشتر تجلی­­گاه ارزش­های دینی و مذهبی چون توحیدیه­ها، مناجات­نامه­ها، اشعار عرفانی و به­ویژه اشعاری در مدح و رثای اهل بیت (ع) است. واقعه غدیر یکی از مهم­ترین مضامین اشعار آیینی در طول تاریخ به ویژه در میان شاعران شیعی است. شیخ احمد وائلی، آیت الله سید محمد جمال هاشمی گلپایگانی، سید­رضا موسوی هندی و عبدالمحسن ابوالحب جملگی از عالمان دینی عراق اند که در کنار علوم دینی در شعر نیز طبع آزمایی کرده اند. مجموعه اشعار این شاعران سرشار از چکامه هایی در مدح یا رثای اهل بیت(ع) است. پژوهش حاضر با روش توصیفی-تحلیلی و با هدف معرفی شاعران آیینی عراق و نیز تبیین نقش شعر آیینی این سرزمین در تثبیت و ترویج رویداد غدیر و سیره علوی، اشعار شاعران برگزیده را مورد تحلیل و بررسی قرار داده است. یافته های این پژوهش نشان دهنده این است که مهم ترین محور محتوایی غدیریه این شعران، تبیین جایگاه برجسته امام علی(ع) و بیان اوصاف و فضایل آن حضرت است که خود می تواند قوی­ترین استدلال برای اثبات حقانیت وی در تصدی مقام خلافت و جانشینی رسول خدا(ص) باشد

Abstract  
This research aims to provide a model for communication with opponents during the reign of Imam
Ali (AS) . In this regard , sermons and letters from Nahj al balaghah qualitative content analysis
method has been analyzed. The results of the research indicate 5 main categories in the context of
communicating with the opposition following the his rule of the government which includes methods of communication imam with opposition, imam of communication tools with opposition, relationshipbetween the imam and the opposition, ethical and human values governing the relation of imam with opposition and the goals of the imam s relationship with opposition. Imam Ali (AS) uses methods such as sermon, preach ment, struggle, reasoning and letter in the line
with the opposition. He is for communicating with opposition used tools included
fear,encouragement, threat, gospel of the past and the predecessors, question from the audience,
comparison and…. Also in line relationship between the imam and the opposition axes included
patience and decisive crisis were considered and values like benevolent opponents, keep respect and revers the opposition and ethical as moral and human values the ruler was referring to relation with the opposition. Imam Ali (AS) were considered also leading the misguided to the right and peace and reconciliation including the goals of contacting with opposition.