Imam Ali ΄s Studies

Abstract Since the first days of the rise of Islam, a great number of religious, political and literary figures have been fascinated by the praise worthy character and the behavior of Imam Ali (Peace be upon Him). Each one of the afore-mentioned figures has attempted to praise and describe Imam Ali (Peace be upon Him) on the basis of his own understanding and appreciation of the character of this great Imam. This paper attempts to display the descriptions and the verbal portraits provided by the contemporary Arab poets of the character and behavior of Imam Ali (peace be Upon Him). It can be said that a few notions common to these poets are: the explicit admission of their incompetence to describe the Imam and the fact that he is a very great and unique person, the expression of his honesty, his benevolence and his bravery, self-esteem, greatness and his leadership which is explained and emphasized by these poets. The views of other non-Shiite poets such and the Christian and Sunni poets are also presented and explored in this study. It can be concluded from this study, that the contemporary Arab poets have also dealt with religious topics and issues, and have treated these ideological matters in their poetry, although to a lesser extent and with less elaboration.
 

Abstract One of the obvious features and important tasks of any government is observing the principle of responsibility in exchange for the rights of others. Government's concept of Alavi thought and behavior is to provide service to people. From Imam Ali's (AS) point of view, responsibilities of government managers in accountability to people is a very important task and difficult test for them. Only the ones are more successful in providing service that do their best in terms of commitment in front of the society. The basic question in this paper considers the meaning of responsibility of managers and its main elements. In the issue of government authorities' responsibility their submissions, obedience and compliance to the request of others stands against their duties. The main element of responsibility is accountability which means considering other people's rights. This means that "you have a right and I have a duty". Imam Ali (AS) has mentioned this type of responsibility many times in Nahjolbalagheh.
In this paper, we discuss the principle of responsibility of managers and its concept from Imam Ali's (AS) point of view.

Abstract Supervision is one of the important issues in all political and managerial systems. Because of this importance, the present writing tries to reflect upon the Quranic verses and the prophetic tradition in this regard, study the place and foundations of supervision and its characteristics in the Alawi political system and thought, and prove that to the important concept of supervision which is classified under the title "promotion of good and prevention of evil" so attention has been paid in the Alawi thought and system; and two inter-related mechanisms of the internal and external supervision have been employed to limit and control power, and make political and social controls and inspections.

Abstract Citizen right and is education is one of the important issues in modern societies. Although this issue and its discussion lacks a historical background, it has gained a good attention during last century. Studying citizenship from Nahjolbalaghe and Imam Ali point of view is a good way to track this issue beak in the history since both of them are regarded as brother to Quran and scholar in Islam. Imam Ali was head of Islamic government and was fully familiar with languge , religion, and racial differences political, ideological and discoursal groups were formed at that time.
In this paper a definition of citizenship and its current condition is given along with Quran s view. Them Nahjolbalaghe and Imam Ali point of view were discussed on the effectual, behavioral and cognitive basis. Finally, it will be shown that citizenship has gone far away from its true meaning in this modern world and Imam Ali views compliance with modern civil rights will be more clear.
 
 

Abstract The most important methods of Islamic ethic and training which is considered and emphasized in Quran, the Sunnah and religious leader’s lifestyle including Imam Ali’s (PBUH), is a historical lesson for learning methods. Holy Qur'an in various verses introduces historical lessons for learning methods as one of the leading causes of human resources and invites people by different words and phrases to pause and look at the story of virtuous and guilty people for reflecting and monitoring the fate and destiny of them. Since historical events and accidents are similar actions, lack of attention to their lessons will cause excessive loss. In this essay, and in order to introduce the significance of this matter, it is tried to present this issue and its effect on Islamic ethic and training field by referring to authoritative sources especially Imam Ali’s lifestyle and his valuable ideas and recommendations in Nahj-al-balaghah.

Abstract Imam Ali’s five year ruling is a lasting example of the political system in Islam and a ruling way based on religion justice and freedom. Trough exact and precious investigating, we can identify and apply proper approaches for managing the present world. Imam Ali’s ruling was based on important foundations and features and in spite of many challenges; it aimed many goals and responsibilities. Achieving these objectives and responsibilities requires efficient management and organizational design and qualified agents through which he can establish religion, justice and security in Islamic community. In this paper, the major features of Imam Ali’s government which are in sharp contrast with despotic utilitarian and oppressive governments would be enumerated and discussed.          

Abstract Shia Muslims believe that Imams are appointed by holy provision and refer to verses of the Holy Qur’an and numerous narratives, especially speeches of Imam Ali (AS) in the Nahj al-Balāgha to prove this claim. On the other side, early Sunni scholars believe imamate to be a matter of allegiance and reject the role of holy provision. Expressing their belief in the role of holy provision in imamate, later Sunni scholars, however, condition its political and social realization on allegiance. They give the allegiance of Prophet Muhammad’s companions to Abu Bakr and Imam Ali’s refusal to accept caliphdom after the murder of Uthmān ibn Affān as proofs. Some also refer to the hadith which says, “My Ummah do not accept what is wrong by common consent.” This paper uses Imam Ali’s speeches in the Nahj al-Balāgha to analyze and criticize the role of allegiance in imamate and underline Imam Ali’s right to rule the Muslim nation.          

Abstract ‘World’ is among the concepts that have been interpreted differently, and there are extremist and pacifist viewpoints regarding it. The present paper aims to study the relationship between religiousness and attainment of worldly blessings from the viewpoint of Imam Ali (PBUH) in Nahj al-Balaghah. While he describes the sordid characteristics of the world and warns about the consequences of worldliness, he emphasizes on using the world rightly as he sees a religious man’s worldly life as a prologue to his hereafter. That is what he calls ‘religious worldliness’, the prerequisite of which is asceticism, i.e. preference of religion over the world.
 

Abstract Justice is one of the most important building blocks of the Islamic government, which falls into the domain of Islamic management. Every government needs to serve justice in order to establish its credibility and legitimacy. This is the reason why justice is a central idea in Imam Ali’s thought, and this is clearly reflected in Nahj al-Balaghah. However, the kind of justice which forms the foundations of Imam Ali’s views is different from what lexicologists and thinkers of other schools would intend by the words, and it is interrelated with certain ideas and concepts. This paper intends to look at these differences and then explore the place of justice and its sense and implication within the political, social and religious worldview of Imam Ali.
 

Abstract Throughout history and in the contemporary world in particular, communications, as a social capital, has gained importance alongside natural, technological and human capitals. To inspire motivation and growth in employees and workers to realize organizational goals, every manager should therefore try to establish positive two-way communications in order to create an atmosphere of mutual understanding, satisfaction and harmonious relationships, and try to encourage mutual understanding and satisfaction among them.
Islam is the gist of all revealed religions, for which all prophets of God have worked. The religion brought God’s Favors on humans to their fullest by the verse “This day I have perfected for you your religion and completed My favor upon you and have approved for you Islam as religion” (Al-Ma’idah: 3). However, the religion went through distortions and adverse events until Imam Ali’s rule brought it back to its original condition. Like every rule, Imam Ali’s rule needed officials and managers who were able to bring satisfaction among people using effective communicative skills, and thereby assist the government in reaching its goals by effective mutual relationships. This paper thus looks at different aspects of communication and communicative skills to then explore their role in Imam Ali’s rule.
 
 
 

Abstract تأثیر فرهنگ اسلامی در متون ادب فارسی، که از عالی‏ترین عناصر فرهنگی و اندیشه‌‌ایِ جامعه محسوب می‏شوند، امری انکارناپذیر است و کم‌تر شاعر یا نویسنده‌‌ای است که بازتاب معارف اسلامی را در کلام خود نداشته باشد. در این بین، نهج‌البلاغه تأثیر شگرفی در شعر و نثر فارسی گذاشته است؛ بسیاری از شعرای زبان فارسی کوشیده‌‌اند تا با توجه به میزان درک و توانایی خود از نهج‌البلاغه و آموزه‌‌های اخلاقی و تعلیمی آن بهره‌‌مند شوند. سعدی از جمله نویسندگانی است که در آثارش از نهج‌البلاغه تأثیر پذیرفته است و میزان این تأثیرپذیری درخور تأمل است؛ تا آن‌جا که می‌‌توان اذعان داشت که بعد از قرآن کریم، نهج‌البلاغه کامل‌‌ترین و مهم‌‌ترین سرمشق‌‌ او بوده‌‌ است. مطالعة بوستان سعدی در این پژوهش نشان داد که سعدی در آرمان‌‌شهر خود از سخنان گهربار و ارزش‌مند امام علی (ع) در نهج‌البلاغه بهره‌‌های فراوانی برده است و از این راه‌‌ صبغۀ حکیمانه و اخلاقی اثر خویش را پررنگ‌‌تر کرده است.

Abstract Ghadir event was one of the mainsprings which has inspired poets and literary writers throughout the history. A large number of poets have composed poems and verses about the event, each representing their devotion to Imam Ali (A). Arabic poems are no exception. The themes and contents of Arabic Ghadir compositions are so vast that they cannot be restricted to certain subjects or special poets. Given the high significance of the event and its reflection in Arabic poems, we attempted to analyze Arabic poems with regard to their related themes and styles. The findings of the study reveal that among the numerous existing themes, subjects like expressing devotion to Imam Ali (A), citing Guardianship (Vilayat) verse, pledging allegiance to the Imam, cursing the enemies, referring to caliphate of the Imam, and reproaching Saqifa are more frequent. Concerning the style, the common style of odes is brevity; though some poets have composed scattered and extensive poems. Although Ghadir poets have attempted to write persuasively and approvingly, they have not disregarded deploying aesthetics as well as attractive and innovative poetic imageries in their poetry.

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Abstract Abstract
One of the best ways of understanding religion is to determine the role and status of reason in religiousknowledgeregarding faith, morality, theology, and law. This issue has been posed in religiousstudies for attraction and persuasion of younger generation. In our survey of Imam Ali’s speeches and sayings, as the true commentatorof the religion, we encounter propositions in which reason is divided into types; theoretical reason and practical reason. Accordingly, reason in sense of “perception and understanding” can both understand the generalities and recognize the goodness as well as the badness of human beings’ behaviors and actions.In Alavi doctrine, not only has the credibility of reason been approved alongside narration but also there are plenty of philosophical, rhetorical, moral, and theological explications in Imam Ali’s speech which illustrate how different levels of reason lead to our perception and admission of religionin all its moral, theological,and jurisprudential aspects. The primary role of reason is perception of truism and approved facts. Next is the role it plays in discerning discrepancies in religious beliefs, perceivingthe underlying causes and philosophy of decrees, the strength and the articulation of moral codes and their agreement with human norms and commonalities, the solidarity,  unity and consensus of majority of intellectuals, and admission of accredited opinions.

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Abstract توجه به مضمون گذر عمر در نهج البلاغه و شواهد و مضامین مشترک آن در شعر شاعران، به عنوان ترجمانی دلنشین و مجلایی لطیف و شاعرانه برای این موضوع، می‌تواند از برجسته ترین عوامل زدودن غفلت و بیداری و پویایی انسان به شمار آید. از میان خیل شاعران شیرین سخن، شعر حافظ که خود را دلباخته شحنه نجف می‌داند، دارای لطفی دیگر است.
به تعبیر امیر بیان^{علیه السلام}، نَفَس‌های انسان گام‌های او به سوی مرگ است؛ «نفس المرء خطاه الی اجله»؛^[i] بنابر این غفلت از سرمایه بی بدیل لحظه‌های عمر، زیانی جبران ناپذیر در پی خواهد داشت؛ توجه به این حقیقت، نحوه ی نگرش انسان را به حیات، واقعی و متناسب با هدف آفرینش او می سازد  و آثاری سازنده و شگرف در نیکبختی وی دارد.
لازمه‌ی تبیین این موضوع، توجه به عوامل مهمی است، که ارتباط تنگاتنگ با مسأله «گذر عمر» دارد. از این رو پژوهش حاضر تحت عناوین: «گذار پرشتاب عمر»، «یاد مرگ»، «عبرت از پیشینیان»، «گذرگاه پرآشوب دنیا»، «حسرت و اندوه بر عمر از دست رفته»، و «بهره‌گیری از عمر باقی مانده»، از دیدگاه امیرمؤمنان^{علیه السلام} در نهج‌البلاغه به این موضوع پرداخته، و ذیل هر مبحث، ابیاتی از حافظکه در عباراتی لطیف و شاعرانه بیانگر مضمونی مشترک است، گزینش و ارائه گردیده است.

Abstract Compilation of books on the teaching of epistemic concepts, or Rasa'il's writings, to explain and answer the questions raised by the opposition, as well as writing works to guide the seekers of knowledge and to enumerate the motives and actions of the righteous ones, Sufism and theology have been Islamic mysticism. In this category of works, according to the author, as well as on the basis of his personal taste or religious beliefs, while presenting the basic topics of Sufism, usually the stories and sayings of the elders of Tariqat are also collected. In the meantime, the content and content of some of the mystical works has been devoted entirely to explaining the story and narration of the people of Tariqat. Alavulia's mention is one of the Persian mystics in the field of mysticism, in which Attar paid particular attention to the description of the elders and Sufi elders. One of the important themes and bases in Alawulia's mention is the expression of the Prophet Ali (as) and some of the Imams of the Prophet (pbuh). This explanation has led to the description of some of the intellectual and behavioral foundations of the elders in the text of the book. In fact, mystic and Sufi scholars have always considered the pattern of life and sayings of the Prophet (pbuh) as a solid example of their beliefs while following the path of the Prophet (peace be upon him) and his companion. In this article, Sima, Sire and the sayings of Imam Ali (AS), Imam Baqir (AS) and Imam Sadiq (AS) are reviewed and explained on the basis of al-Awliya's advice.  

Abstract .

Abstract This is an individual and social story based on the Didgah of Imam Ali (peace be upon him), with the title of a Drondini language and a source of Brundian respect, of great importance. In Dunstin's opinion, here is the topic, a collection of hadiths transmitted from Shaddah from Ishan, with the title Musnad of Imam Amir al-Mu'minin Ali ibn Abi Talib (peace be upon him), which was published by Aziz Allah Attardi, his reading and description of the narrations of the goal of Pazhush - with pictures of his studies, Tamam Dadaha and Nah Gizinshi - Intikhab Shad. But then, - with a narrative-historical narrative and with a content analysis and semantic semantics, a study of the content of the frames of “individual zest,” “individual zest” and “social zest,” subjunctive division, parsing, and tense analysis. Here is the reason for this: a central signifier is an individual unit, with a linked population census, an association with the framework and nature, and a central signifier is a social link, Hidayat Mardam is linked to a population count.

Abstract Nahj al -Balagheh has numerous literary beauties structurally and to address this text from different angles of literary-linguistic value makes it more obvious for the audience, The text is aimed at analyzing the structural cohesion of the Gharra sermon for the rhetorical analysis of the Nahj al -Balagha text, this analysis is associated with the existing relationship between the constituent elements of the text, as well as the various forms of symmetry on the text. The authors with an analytical descriptive method, relying on Raymond Farin's symmetrical order theory, intend to answer the following questions: What does the owner of the sermon have benefited from the parallel structure? What is the function of the circular composition in the sermon? What is the capability of the mirror to the text? The results of the study indicate that Imam Ali (PBUH) uses a parallel structure for warning, warning of believers, reminding of the Day of Resurrection, and auditing the actions and deeds of them; To order the word and to make it a balanced one in any phrase, The number of words used in phrases containing the conceptual structure in each segment is equal and equal And the circular composition is to create an impact and aesthetics in the word, And when the circular composition is formed, this repetition is to emphasize a subject and concept in the sentence The circular component creates a balance in the word, The mirror order gives the text to the text that the author brings a phrase with two lexical alignments in the word,

Abstract This research is based on the letters of Imam Ali (AS) in, Nahj al-Balaghah seeking to identify the indicators and characteristics of the servant leadership from his point of view, So its results will be the answer to the ambiguities regarding what the servant leadership .
The present research is aimed at a basic research with the strategy of the thematic analysis method and the thematic network. The findings of the study resulted in the identification of 3 dominant themes, 11 inclusive themes, 45 organizing themes, 119 the main themes and 87 sub themes. (The finding shows that from the point of view of Imam Ali) The results of the research indicated leadership is a category based on the three principles of wisdom, faith, and behavior. The practice and leadership behaviors also include six areas of God-centrism, reason-centrism, insight-centrism, moral-centrism, favor-centrism, and Procedure-centrism. The Leadership of the Imam Ali is the Leader of the Servant based on divine faith and divine episteme . Service and serving in his leadership method is a focal point in focusing on educating followers, especially leaders, managers and agents.

Abstract in moghaleh ba cpehdaf tabiyn naqsh sazandeh resaneh dar ijad «emtezaj» ve vahdat emt eslami ba roykard nahajolbelagheh ve rosh tosifi-tahlili enjam shodeh est. dar asr hazar keh bah asr enfejar etlaat mosom est, resanekeya bah onvan mw̉sertarin abzar shekldehi bah afkar amomi ve npavitsazi jami amel mikonand. jacpehan eslam ba vojud barkhordari az jamiyat faravan ve tamdan konpan, ba chalesh bonyadin tafargheh ve parakandegi movajeh est. in pajoosh ba rosh tahlili-tabiyni ve ba estenad bah moton nahaj albelagheh, bah barresi ranpakarehaye amaliati baraye bacparehgiri az zarfiatenpehei resanekyi dar johat tagharib ghlub moslamanan mipardazad.yaftehnpehei pajoosh neshan midehad keh az monazar nahaj albelagheh, jameh eslami bah masabeh pikri vahad tasvir shodeh keh resanekeya mitavanand naqsh sistam asabi in pikr ra ifa konand. dar in charchub, chehar karkard esli baraye resanekeya shenasayi shodeh est: naqsh yadavarandeh ve mazker, nezam asabi pikr emt, taribon adolt ve sadaye mazluman, ve pel ertabati baraye taqvit shenakht moteghabel. npamchenin shesh tahadid esli aliyeh vahdat eslami dar asr resaneh moord barresi gharar garafteh keh ebartand az: nafagh ve doroyi, shayeehparakony, tahrif haghayegh, tafarghesafkani sistematik dashmanan, tasobat gumi ve tarvij madigarayi.in moghaleh zaman asibshenasi movane pish roye resaneknpehei eslami, pishnehadat amaliati dar ghaleb 1̱4̱ tarh karbardi araeh midehad keh mitavand zamineksaz tahgh arman vahdat eslami bashod. netaij pajoosh haki az an est keh ba alelam az amuzemantacpehei nahaj albelagheh ve bah kargiri zarfiatenpehei nevin resanekyi, mitavan gamenpehei mw̉sari dar johat ijad emtezaj amiq ve payedar dar jacpehan eslam bardasht.

Abstract تاریخ سیاسی- اجتماعی سده‌های نخستین اسلامی در تبرستان با نام سادات علوی پیوندی دیرینه دارد.انتساب به آل محمد(ص) و امامان شیعه و تاثیرپذیری از سیاست تقابلی دربرابر دستگاه خلافت زمینه های اولیه مقبولیت علویان را بوجود آورد و به فرایندمهاجرت آنان به صفحات شمالی ایران دامن زد. از نتایج حضور اثربخش این سادات دارای وجاهت کاریزماتیک، تسهیل عزیمت جماعت علوی و ماندگاری آنان در تبرستان بود. این پژوهش به‌دنبال یافت پاسخ این پرسش است که: بستر، دلایل و عوامل مقبولیت سادات در تبرستان پیش از تشکیل حکومت و احراز مشروعیت چه بوده است؟مطالعات تاریخی نشان می‌دهد مهمترین عامل، مقبولیت اجتماعی شده‌ی سادات علوی در تبرستان علاوه بر دارا بودن بن مایه های ایدئولوژیک مذهبی و رویکردهای شیعی مقبول راهبران مذهبی-سیاسی آنان می توانست در مدعای ایشان و رفتارهای تعاملی آنان با دو گروه سیاسی – اجتماعیِ اسپهبدان محلی و توده مردم متجلی شود.واکاوی این مظاهر مقبولیت آفرین و مشروعیت زا خواست مقاله حاضر است. پژوهش پیش رو ضمن دسته بندی منابع و گردآوری اطلاعات به شیوه کتابخانه‌ای و توصیفی بر آن است زمینه ها  و عوامل مقبولیت اجتماعی-سیاسی سادات علوی در تبرستان را بازشناسی نماید.

Abstract The present paper aims to study the lessons of history from the viewpoint of Imam Ali (PBUH). Oral history, history as a science or scientific history are all treasuries of truths and information about human past lives. Given this description of history, can it be of any benefit to future generations? Can one make a path from past to future by learning the lessons of history? If so, what are the reasons? What are the main factors that generalize the historical traditions and turn them into rules?
This library study aims to answer such questions. It was found out that according to monotheistic worldview, the world and thus man has a creator, and that society is of no function and man is of no independence without God’s will. Therefore, it is necessary to obey the rules set by Him for human life. History, as a result how man and the world behave, can be regarded as a valuable source of learning. Nahj al-Balaghah, which is an important treasury of Imam Ali’s sayings, as well as other Alavi sources contain invaluable lessons of history some of which were discussed in the present paper.
Keywords: Imam Ali (PBUH), Law, Tradition, Society, Past, Lesson, Accident.
 
 

Abstract The occasion of Ghadir Khom should be viewed as the fruit of Prophet Mohammad’s message which indicates the direction all Muslims need to head until the Day of Judgement, and not as an isolated historical event although some people intend to bend the truth of Ghadir by asking misleading questions trying to undermine or distort it in a certain way which pleases them. This study aims to provide a critique of the ideas of Uthman Khamis on Ghadir presented in his book A Period of History (Translated into Persian under the title “A new attitude towards the history of early Islam”) and offer answers to a number of important issues raised about Ghadir, including the geographical lacation of Ghadir Khumm, the verse of Wilayah (Guardianship of Imam Ali and his sons) and the implications of the word Mowla (Guardian), the claim that Imam Ali was not present in Mecca and in Ghadir Khumm, referring to the verse of Shura (consultation) in determining the successor of the Prophet, the correct version of hadith of Thaqalayn, and the circumstance and place of revelation of verse of Ikmal (completion). The study draws on rational arguments as well as hadith and historical accounts to provide a body of documents used by Shia to confront claims that the Ocassion of Ghadir Khum was a made up story.